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In English, there are three types of comparisons: equals, not equals, and more than comparisons. This article, Trường THPT Trần Hưng Đạo will help you to understand the comparative forms of adverbs and the difference with adjectives.

What is the comparative of adverbs?

What is the comparative of adverbs? How is it different from adjectives in English? Let’s find out in the first part of the lesson!

Comparative definition of the adverb

Conceptually, the comparative of adverbs is used to describe the difference between two actions, states of being in terms of time, place, manner, degree and frequency. (Note: Comparative is only used for 2 actions, 3 or more are not considered comparatives.)

Ex: He runs faster than she does. (He runs more than her)

He drives more carelessly than I do. (He drives more recklessly than I do.)

Thus, the difference between the comparative of adjectives and adverbs is that adjectives are used to compare two nouns indicating people, things, or phenomena. And adverbs are used to compare two verbs that indicate the action or state of a person or thing.

Comparative formula of adverbs in English

Adverbs in English include short adverbs and long adverbs. For each type of adverb, the way to change it to the comparative form is different. Specifically:

Structure comparative forms with short adverbs

For short adverbs with 1 syllable, we add “-er” when changing to comparative form. For adverbs ending in “-e”, we just need to add “-r”.

Formula: S + (not) V + adv + er + than + noun/pronoun/clause

Ex: late => later, soon – sooner, fast => faster,…

Joe ran fast, but Mary came first because she ran faster.

(Joe ran fast, but Mary came first because she ran faster.)

Comparative transformation table with short adverbs

Adverb	Comparative of adverbs
fast	faster
hard	harder
high	higher
late	later
long	longer
low	lower
wide	wider

Comparative form with long adverbs

For adverbs with 2 or more syllables, also known as long adverbs (usually ending in “-ly”), when converted into comparative form, we need to add “more” instead of “much/ many” or “less”. ” for “little/few”.

Formula: S + (not) V + more/less + adv + than + noun/pronoun/clause

Ex: slowly => more slowly, happy => more happily, sadly => less sadness, dirtily => less dirtily

Table of comparative form changes with long adverbs

Adverb	Comparative of adverbs
carefully	more/ less carefully
efficient	more/ less efficient
happily	more/ less happily
horribly	more/ less horribly
often	more/ less often
Quickly	more/ less quickly
recently	more/ less recently
slowly	more/ less slowly
sad	more/ less sadness
strangely	more/ less strangely

Comparative form of irregular adverbs

Some adverbs when converted into comparative form do not add “-er” but change completely.

Adverb	Comparative of adverbs
badly	worse
early	earlier
far	further/ farther
little	less
much	more
well	better

Some adverbs that have no comparative form include:

• again, first

• daily, yesterday

• here, there

• now, then

• never, sometimes

Superlative of adverbs

The superlative of adverbs is used to compare the actions of a person, thing, or phenomenon most prominently among the remaining objects. Therefore, the condition to perform this comparison is that there should be 3 or more objects in the sentence.

The superlative formula also has 3 forms for each type of short, long & irregular adverbs as follows:

Short adverb: S + (not) V + the + adv + est + noun

Long adverbs: S + (not) V + the + most/ least + adv + noun

Irregular adverbs: For this adverb, you need to keep in mind their superlative form when converting.

Adverb	Superlative of adverbs
well	best
badly	worst
much	most
little	least
far	farthest/ furthest

Comparison table of common irregular adverbs

Adverb	Compare more	Superlative
well	better	best
badly	worse	worst
little (amount)	less	least
little (size)	smaller	smallest
much/ many	more	most
far (place + time)	further	furthest
far (place)	farther	farthest
late (time)	later	latest
near (place)	nearer	nearest
old (people and things)	older/ elder	oldest/ eldest

Some comparative forms are equivalent to adverbs and adjectives

Comparison with an adverb is a comparison between two equivalent actions. As for adjectives, it is a comparison between similar people, things, or phenomena.

The formula for common equality is:

S + to be/ V(not) + as + adj/ adv + as + (S + tobe/ V) + O

In addition to the general formula, the comparison of equals of adverbs & adjectives is also applied according to the following 4 structures:

“so/as” formula

In negative sentences, use “so” instead of “as”.

Formula: S + not as/ so + adj/ adv + O

“the same as” recipe

S + to be + the same + (noun) + as + noun/ pronoun

The formula “less… than = not as/ so… as”

S + to be + not + so/as + adj + as + noun/ pronoun/ clause

“Not as/ so…as” is used more when speaking informally.

“the same” recipe

S + V + the same + (noun) + as + noun/ pronoun

Note when using comparison with

After “than” is a personal pronoun as the subject, not the object

When comparing an object or a person with other objects or people, we add “else”

When comparing an object or person with other people or things, we must add “else” after anything/anybody.

In relative clauses, the subject after “than”, “as” can be omitted if the two subjects are the same.

Objects can be omitted after the verbs in the following clauses “than” and “as”.

In negative sentences, we can also replace the structure “not as…as” with “not so…as” to say that something is not equal to that (comparison is not equal), but do NOT replace “as…as” with “so…as” in affirmative sentences.

3 special comparative forms of English adjectives & adverbs

In addition to the above comparative, superlative and equal, adverbs also have the following special comparative forms:

Double comparison of adverbs

In this comparison, you can do three structures:

1. The + comparative + S + V + the + comparative + S + V

Ex: The sooner you work, the better you will complete quickly.)

(The sooner you do it, the faster you’ll finish.)

2. The more + S + V + the + comparative + S + V

Ex: The more you work the professional you will become

(The more you do, the more professional you will become)

3. Short adjectives: S + V + adj + er + and + adj + er

Long adjectives: S + V + more and more + adj

Ex: The success is more and more.

(Success more and more.)

Compare many times

This is a comparative form “number of times” such as half (half), double (twice), triple (three times)… In this structure, you need to use equal comparison and must determine which noun is the form. countable or uncountable.

Formula: S + V + multiple numbers + as + much/many/adj/adv + (N) + as + O

Ex: Her bag costs twice as much as mine.

(Her bag is twice as expensive as mine.)

Note:

• In the negative sentence, the first “as” can be replaced by “so”. After “as” is a personal pronoun, not an object.

• Nouns can be used to compare in this case, but when doing so, it is necessary to determine whether the noun must have an equivalent adjective.

Comparatives do not use “than”

When making this comparison, there must be “the” before the adjective or adverb so as not to confuse it with the superlative. Usually, in the sentence, there will be the phrase “of the two+noun” with the meaning that 1 of 2, who or what is better than who, what.

Ex: Tom is the intelligent of the two boys.

(Tom is the smarter of the two boys)

Comparative exercises with adverbs in English

Through the above section, you have learned the comparative of adverbs and other comparative forms of this word. In the exercises section, you can practice some of the exercises below to understand the lesson better!

Exercise 1: Complete the sentences with the suggested words

1. I speak English (fluent) ___________ now than last year.

2. She greeted me (polite) ___________ of all.

3. She smiled (happy) _____ than before.

4. This girl dances (graceful) ___________ of all.

5. Could you write (clear) ___________ ?

6. Planes can fly (high) ___________ than birds.

7. He had an accident last year. Now, he drives (careful) ___________ than before.

8. Jim can run (fast) ___________ than John.

9. Our team played (bad) ___________ of all.

10. He worked (hard) ___________ than ever before.

Lesson 2: Choose the correct answer

1. I visit my parents ___________ (more often/the most often) than my brothers do.

2. He thinks he always knows ___________ . (better/best)

3. Out of all my siblings, I visit my parents ___________ (more often/the most often).

4. David did ___________ (worse/the worst) than he thought he would do on his test.

5. I did ___________ (worse/the worst) out of all the students on my test.

6. Out of all the students, Frank studied ___________ (less/the least), but got the best grade.

7. We would ___________ (longerthe longest) than I thought we would.

8. My sisters laughed ___________ (louder/the loudest) out of the whole audience.

9. The two guys who enjoyed the game ___________ (more/most) were Tom and Robert.

10. George drives ___________ (more recklessly/the most recklessly) than his brother.

Exercise 3: Choose the correct answer to complete the sentence

1. They arrived ___________ .

A. earlier than us

B. more early than we

C. earlier than we

2. Please, can you drive ___________ ?

A. slowlier

B. more slowly

C. most slowly

3. This is going to be ___________ show you have ever seen.

A. the bigger

B. the bigest

C. the biggest

4. My current job is _____ more stressful than my last job.

A. much

B. very

C. lot

5. He isn’t as ___________ you.

A. smarter as

B. smart as

C. smarter than

6. What is the ___________ option in the menu?

A. healthiest

B. most healthy

C. healthier

7. You aren’t as determined ___________ .

A. than me

B. as I

C. as I am

8. My great-grandmother is the oldest person ___________ the family.

A. of

B. from

C. in

9. This is the greatest evening I ___________ .

A. ‘ve never had

B. ever had

C. ‘ve ever had

10. York is a bit ___________ than Leeds.

A. farer

B. further

C. more far

11. The south is _____ the north.

A. hotter than

B. more hotter than

C. more hot than

12. We work _____ now with the new manager.

A. most happily

B. more happily

C. happilier

13. He is ______ England.

A. the most famous painter in

B. the famous painter in

C. the most famous painter of

14. Tuesdays are _____ than Mondays.

A. much more busy

B. much more busier

C. a lot busier

15. It’s the worst experience _____.

A. I’ve never had

B. I ever had

C. I’ve ever had

16. She eats better _____.

A. than I

B. coal

C. that I do

17. He doesn’t run _____ his brother.

A. as faster as

B. as fast as

C. fast as

18. The bus is a bit _____ the train.

A. comfortabler than

B. more comfortable as

C. more comfortable than

19. This year we are having _____ summer since 1976.

A. the most hot

B. the hottest

C. the hotter

20. We finished _____ we expected.

A. more quickly than

B. quicklier than

C. more quick than

Answers to comparative exercises with adverbs

After completing, check the answers to the adverb comparison exercise below:

Lesson 1:

1. more fluently 2. most politely 3. more happily 4. most gracefully 5. more clearly

6. higher 7. more carefully 8. faster 9. worst 10. harder

Lesson 2:

1. more often 2. best 3. the most often 4. worse 5. the worst

6. the least 7. longer 8. the loudest 9. most 10. more recklessly

Lesson 3:

1. A 2. REMOVE 3. OLD 4. A 5. A

6. A 7. OLD 8. OLD 9C 10. REMOVE

11. A 12. REMOVE 13. A 14. OLD 15. OLD

16. REMOVE 17. REMOVE 18. OLD 19. REMOVE 20. A

Above is a summary of comparative grammar of adverbs and exercises to help you master the lesson. Please review and practice often to remember the knowledge!

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